Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health

Any atmosphere that poses an immediate hazard to life, or produces an immediately, irreversible debilitating effect.  IDLH is an international term that expresses in parts per million, the maximum levels to which a healthy individual can be exposed to a  chemical for thirty minutes and escape without suffering irreversible health effects or impairing symptoms.

ignitable

Capable of burning or causing fire.

imbibition

A measure of the liquid or water holding capacity of a textile material.

incompatible

Materials that could cause adverse or dangerous reactions from direct contact with one another.

indoor/outdoor

Type of carpet, regardless of construction, which is made entirely of components (surface yarns, backing, adhesives, or laminating materials) which have been especially designed or treated to withstand moisture, extremes of temperature, ultra-violet rays and other types of exposure.

IAQ

See indoor air quality.

IICRC

See link or Institute of Inspection, Cleaning, and Restoration Certification.

imperfects

Any and all broadloom carpet not judged to be first quality at the final point of inspection.  The difference between first quality goods and imperfect goods is based upon grading and quality standards existing within each individual company.

impervious

A material that resists, or does not allow, another substance to pass through or penetrate it.

implosion

To collapse or burst inward.  The opposite of explosion which means to burst outward.

impregnated fabric

A fabric in which the interstices between the yarns are completely filled, as compared to sized or coated materials where the interstices are not completely filled.  Not included in the definition is woven fabric constructed from impregnated yarns, rather than one impregnated after weaving.

in-plant cleaning

Any carpet cleaning process in which the carpet is brought to a plant for carpet cleaning; as opposed to on location in which the carpet is cleaned in the customer’s home, business, etc.

incubation

1.  Maintaining cultures of micro-organisms at a temperature favorable to their growth.  2.  The period between the infection of an individual by a pathogen and the manifestation of the disease caused by that micro-organisms.

indentations

Small depressions in carpet, usually under heavy furniture legs.

indicator compounds

Chemical compounds, such as carbon dioxide, whose presence at certain concentrations may be used to estimate certain building conditions.

individual risk

The increased risk for a person exposed to a specific concentration of a toxicant.

indoor air

The breathing air inside an inhabited structure.

indoor air quality (IAQ)

A term used to describe the purity or quality of the air breathed by occupants of an indoor or enclosed environment.

indoor climate

Temperature, humidity, noise, and lighting inside a structure.

indoor/outdoor

Type of carpet, regardless of construction, which is made entirely of components (surface yarns, backing, adhesives, or laminating materials) which have been designed or treated to withstand moisture, extremes of temperature, ultra-violte rays, and other types of exposure.

indoor/outdoor carpet

A term synonymous with outdoor carpet.

inert

Lacking an activity, reactivity, or effect. The portion of a formula that is not active.

infiltration

Process by which air enters a building through the cracks and leaks in the building surface.

inflammation

A protective tissue response to injury that serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off both the injurious agent and the injured tissue, characterized gy symptoms such as pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

inflow quench

Cooling jar for extruded polymer filaments that is directed radially inward across the path of the filaments.  The threadline is completely enclosed in a quench cabinet in inflow quenching.

ingestion

Taking a substance into the body through the mouth.

ingrain

Term used to describe yarn or stock that is dyed in two or more shades prior to knitting or weaving to create blended color effects in fabrics.

ingrain carpet

A double faced pileless carpet using colored filling yarns to make the design.  The fabric is reversible and the designs and colors on the face and back will also be in reverse positions.  This type was also call Scotch or Kidderminster.

ingraining

Mixing and weaving threads of various colors.

inhalation

Taking a substance into the body through respiration.  Breathing through the mouth or nose.

inherent flame resistance

As applied to textile, flame resistance that derives from an essential characteristic of the fiber from which the textile is made.

inhibitor

A chemical that is added to another substance to slow, restrain, or prevent an unwanted chemcial change or growth from occuring.

injection kit

Device used to inject odor control solution into the source of odor problems.

ink marks

Occurs in back-stamped carpet where ink transfers to the pile, usually when the carpet is rolled before proper drying.

inorganic

Composed of matter other than that derived from plants or animals.

insecticide

Any of various chemical compounds that have the ability to kill insects.

insoluble

Not capable of being dissolved in a liquid.

inspection

The process of examinging textiles for defects at any stage of manufacturing and finishing.

installation

The technique for affixing a carpet to a flooring surface.

installation methods

See direct glue, double faced tape, double glue, tacked, and stretch-in method.

International Institute of Cleaning Restoration Certification (IICRC)

An independent, non-profit certification body to set and promote high standards and ethics; and to advance communication and technical proficiency within the cleaning, inspection, and restoration industries.

intensity

1.  The amount of energy per unit.  2.  The brilliance of a color.  3.  The brightness of light.  4.  The perceived magnitude of a stimulus.

indentation load deflection (ILD)

The amount of weight, in pounds, requaired to compress one cubic foot of prime urethane to two-thirds of its original height.

interface

The surface forming a common boundary between two materials or bodies.

intermingling

1.  Use of air jets to create tubulence to entangle the filaments of continuous filament yarns, without forming loops, after extrusion.  Provides dimensional stability and cohesion for further processing but is not of itself a texturing process.

intermittent pattern

A pattern occuring in interrupted sequence.

internal dye variability

The change from point to point in dye unifofrmity across the diameter and along the length of the individual filaments.  Affects appearance of the dyed product and is a function of fiber, dye, dyeing process, and dyebathcharacteristics.

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

IARC publishes monographs, a listing of potential carcinogens.

Internation Cleaning and Restoration Alliance (IRA)

A task force  organized to investigate the feasibility of forming a national or international association for the inspection, cleaning, and restoration service industries.

International Gray Scale

A scale distributed through AATCC (American Association of Textile Chemist and Colorist) that is used as a comparison standard to rate degrees of fading from 5 (negligible or no change) to 1 (severe change).  The term is sometimes applied to any scale of quality in which 5 is excellent and 1 is poor.  A standard of comparison to rate degrees of color change from 5 (no change) to 1 (severe change).

Internation Standards Organization (ISO)

An organization made up of experts from vrious scientific disciplines who represent many countries.  The ISO meets internationally acceptable standards for testing a wide range goods and materials.

International Wool Secretariat  (IWS)

An organization that establishes standards for the production, grading and promotion of wool fiber on a world wide basis.

intimate blend

A technique of mixing two or more dissimilar fibers in a very uniform mixture.  Usually the stock is mixed before or at the picker.

iodine

A nonmetallic halogen tht is used sas a disinfecting agent.

iodophor

A complex of iodine and a surfactant that releases iodine gradually and serves as a disinfectant.

ion

A molecule sized particle tht has either a positive or negtive charge.

ionic compatibility

A reference to compatibility between the electrical charges in chemical formulations similar to the North and South poles of a magnet.  The ionic charges indicate to a chemist the compatibility of various compounds.  Blending or cross use of chemical products that do not possess compatible ions will render the products useless  for their intended purpose, and, in some cases, will produce residues that greatly accelerate resoiling in fabrics (e.g., mixing an anionic surfactant with a cationic disinfectant produces a white agglomeration that is oily in nature).

ionization

Dissolving an acid, base of salt (soap) in water, which results in a gain or loss of electrons, causing the solution to have either a positive or negative charge.